As the caravan touring season approaches, it’s time to ensure your home on wheels is ready for the adventures ahead. Preparing properly isn’t just about packing; it’s about safety. From tyre inspections to hitching techniques, these pre-trip checks can help you avoid mishaps and ensure a smooth journey.
How can I tell if my caravan tyres are safe for the road?
Your tyres are one of the most crucial elements of your caravan. Ensuring they’re in top condition can prevent accidents and avoid costly breakdowns. Before setting off, it’s essential to check every aspect of your tyres:
Check the tyre pressure
The correct tyre pressure is vital for optimal performance and safety. Under-inflated tyres can cause excessive wear and reduce fuel efficiency, while over-inflated tyres might lead to blowouts, particularly under heavy loads. Always refer to your caravan’s manufacturer guide to find the recommended pressure. This information is often on a label inside the door or in the owner’s manual. Use a reliable tyre pressure gauge to check each tyre when cold (before you’ve driven the vehicle for a long period). Ensure that both the caravan and towing vehicle’s tyres are properly inflated.
Inspect the tread depth
The tread on your tyres helps provide traction on the road, especially in wet or slippery conditions. In the UK, the legal minimum tread depth for tyres on both car and caravan is 1.6mm. However, it’s recommended to replace tyres with tread depths approaching this limit, as lower tread depths significantly reduce grip, especially in rain or snow. You can use a tread depth gauge to check or rely on the "penny test"—insert a 20p coin into the grooves. If the outer band of the coin is visible, the tread depth is too low, and the tyre should be replaced.
Look for cracks, bulges, or visible damage
Tyres naturally degrade over time, especially when exposed to harsh weather, road conditions, and sunlight. Check for visible cracks, cuts, or bulges in the sidewalls and tread of the tyres. Any noticeable damage can weaken the structural integrity of the tyre, potentially leading to a blowout while driving. Pay particular attention to areas where the rubber might be thinning, as well as any areas where a bulge has developed (usually from an internal impact or pressure issues). If you spot significant damage or excessive wear, it's essential to replace the tyres before setting off on your trip.
Consider the age of your tyres
Even if your tyres seem in good condition, older tyres (over five years) may be at risk of degradation, even without visible cracks. The rubber compounds used in tyres lose their elasticity over time, which can cause tyres to become more prone to failure. It’s a good idea to check the manufacture date stamped on the side of your tyres to determine their age. If they are beyond their recommended lifespan, it’s best to replace them.
Regular tyre checks and maintenance are a simple yet essential part of preparing your caravan for a safe journey. Remember, your tyres are your first line of defence on the road, so don’t overlook these vital checks! For more tyre safety information, visit the GOV.com page on identifying tyre defects and damage.
How do I check my caravan brakes?
Caravan brakes are essential for your safety and the safety of other road users. Properly functioning brakes allow you to stop your caravan effectively, whether you’re driving on motorways or navigating tight country roads. Regular brake checks are necessary to ensure your caravan can be safely towed and halted when needed. Here's how to thoroughly inspect and test your caravan's braking system:
Perform a low-speed test
A simple way to test the effectiveness of your caravan brakes is to carry out a low-speed test on a clear, flat surface. Choose an open area, such as a quiet car park or a closed-off road, where you can safely carry out the test without obstacles or other traffic.
Slowly drive forward at low speed, applying the brakes gently. The caravan should come to a smooth, controlled stop without any jerking, swerving, or hesitation. If the caravan takes longer to stop than expected or the braking feels uneven or rough, this could indicate an issue with the brake system, such as worn brake pads or uneven brake pressure.
If you feel the caravan swaying or the brakes feel sluggish, it’s crucial to get them checked immediately before heading out on a longer journey.
Inspect the brake pads and cables
Over time, the brake pads on your caravan will wear down due to friction. Inspect the brake pads for any signs of wear or damage. Worn-out brake pads can lead to reduced braking efficiency and even damage to the brake discs. If the pads are worn down too thin, they will need to be replaced.
Additionally, examine the brake cables and mechanisms for any visible signs of wear, corrosion, or fraying. Over time, moisture, salt, and grime can build up on the cables, causing them to become stiff or damaged. Lubricating the cables and ensuring they are free from rust and corrosion will help maintain smooth brake function.
Don’t forget to check the brake lines and connections for any leaks, cracks, or loose fittings. Any leaks can lead to loss of brake fluid, which will impair the system's performance.
Check for brake fluid levels (if applicable)
Some caravans, particularly those with an overrun brake system, rely on hydraulic brake fluid. Make sure to check the brake fluid levels before each trip to ensure there is enough fluid for the brakes to operate effectively. Low fluid levels can cause the brakes to feel spongy or unresponsive. If you notice the fluid is low or the brakes feel sluggish, top up the brake fluid and check for any leaks in the system.
Test the handbrake
The handbrake, or parking brake/emergency brake, is another important aspect of the caravan's braking system. Ensure that the handbrake engages smoothly and holds the caravan in place when applied, particularly when parked on a slope. If the handbrake feels loose or fails to hold the caravan in place, it may need adjusting or repairing.
Look for brake dust or debris
Brake dust can build up on the wheels, particularly if you do a lot of braking in heavy traffic or on steep hills. Excessive brake dust can cause the brakes to perform less efficiently. Regularly clean the wheels and inspect the brakes for any signs of debris that could affect performance.
By performing these regular brake checks, you can ensure your caravan brakes are functioning at their best, allowing for safe and smooth towing. If you’re uncertain about the results of your tests or notice any issues during your checks, it’s best to consult a professional to have the braking system thoroughly inspected and repaired.
Is my caravan hitched correctly?
Proper hitching is a crucial step to ensuring a safe journey while towing your caravan. A poorly hitched caravan can lead to accidents, instability on the road, or damage to your vehicle and caravan. Here’s how to perform a thorough hitching check:
Check the tow ball and coupling
The tow ball and coupling are the main connection between your towing vehicle and your caravan, so it’s vital to ensure they are secure and in good condition:
- Secure the hitch: Check that the caravan’s coupling is firmly attached to the tow ball, and that the latch or locking mechanism is fully engaged.
- Look for damage: Inspect both the tow ball and coupling for any signs of wear or damage. A damaged tow ball or coupling could cause instability while towing or even result in detachment.
- Lubricate the tow ball: To avoid unnecessary wear, consider applying lubricant to the tow ball, especially if it’s showing signs of rust. This helps to reduce friction and ensures a smoother connection.
- Verify the correct fit: Ensure the tow ball is the correct size for your caravan’s coupling. Using an incorrect size can cause instability or affect braking efficiency.
Engage the safety chains
Safety chains are a backup measure to prevent the caravan from becoming detached in the event the hitch fails:
- Attach the chains correctly: Ensure that both safety chains are securely fastened to the towing vehicle’s designated attachment points.
- Check for slack: The chains should be taut but not overly tight. Too much slack can cause the chains to drag along the ground, increasing wear and the risk of entanglement.
- Cross the chains: For added safety, some experts recommend crossing the safety chains beneath the hitch. This creates a cradle effect, which can help support the caravan in case of detachment.
- Inspect for wear: Regularly check the safety chains for signs of damage, such as rust or fraying, and replace them if necessary.
Test the jockey wheel and stabiliser
The jockey wheel and stabiliser help with the stability and control of your caravan when it’s stationary or when hitching up:
- Test the jockey wheel: Ensure the jockey wheel is in the correct position and can be easily adjusted. It should be free from dirt, rust, or any obstructions that could affect its movement.
- Confirm it’s locked: Make sure the jockey wheel is locked in place after adjusting its height. A loose or improperly secured jockey wheel could cause instability or uneven weight distribution.
- Check the stabiliser: The stabiliser helps reduce swaying during towing. Ensure that the stabiliser is properly engaged and functioning. If your stabiliser has a friction pad, check it for wear and replace it if necessary.
- Test stability: After hitching, give the stabiliser a quick check by moving the caravan gently from side to side. It should remain stable without excessive movement.
Is My Towing Setup Safe for the Road?
Towing safely means ensuring your caravan and vehicle are compatible:
- Check the towing weight limits: Do not exceed your vehicle’s towing capacity.
- Balance your load: Distribute weight evenly to prevent swaying.
- Adjust your mirrors: Ensure you have a clear view down both sides of the caravan.
Insurance
Although caravan insurance isn’t a legal must-have, it’s a good idea to consider it. After all, caravans usually aren’t covered by car insurance. That means if you’re involved in an unfortunate incident - like an accident, damage or theft - and you don’t have specialist insurance, you could be left to cover the costs. But with touring caravan insurance, you can be covered for a variety of scenarios, whether your caravan is stationary or attached to the car.
We've been helping people with caravan insurance for over 20 years, so we know how to help you find a suitable policy for you and your caravan. Typically, we can cover*:
- New-for-old or market value cover, depending on the age and value of your caravan
- Caravan contents cover up to £5,000 for theft, damage or loss
- Theft and attempted theft so if your caravan is stolen or someone tries to steal it, you have cover for damage or loss
- Furniture kept in the awning while the caravan is in use
- Storm and flood
- Risk of fire, explosion, lightning or earthquake
Our team is always on hand to help. Whether you need a new quote or want to change your existing policy, call us at 01480 402 460.
* Terms and conditions, limitations, exclusions and acceptance criteria apply. Policy enhancements are subject to an additional premium.
Our panel of products provides different levels of cover depending on the value of the caravan and towing experience. When you receive your quote, the most suitable product will be offered to you, depending on the information you provide.
FAQs
Why is tyre pressure important when towing a caravan?
Maintaining the correct tyre pressure improves stability, reduces the risk of tyre failure, and enhances fuel efficiency.
What should I check when hitching my caravan?
Inspect the tow ball, coupling, and safety chains for secure attachment. Test the stabiliser and ensure the jockey wheel is retracted.
How do I balance the load in my caravan?
Place heavy items over the axle and distribute weight evenly to avoid instability while towing.
Disclaimer: The sole purpose of this article is to provide guidance on the issues covered. This article is not intended to give legal advice, and, accordingly, it should not be relied upon. It should not be regarded as a comprehensive statement of the law and/or market practice in this area. We make no claims as to the completeness or accuracy of the information contained herein or in the links which were live at the date of publication. You should not act upon (or should refrain from acting upon) information in this publication without first seeking specific legal and/or specialist advice. Arthur J. Gallagher Insurance Brokers Limited trading as Lifesure accepts no liability for any inaccuracy, omission or mistake in this publication, nor will we be responsible for any loss which may be suffered as a result of any person relying on the information contained herein.
